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• Recruitment from underrepresented populations into Earth system science remains a challenge.

• Faculty at minority serving institutions face special challenges in terms of fewer resources and students who tend to be less well prepared in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

• The ESSE21 program has supported minority serving institutions in developing effective Earth system science courses and programs.

• Earth system science curricula that focus on issues of particular interest to minorities can help to attract minorities into courses and programs.

• Identifying adequate and ongoing funding for the implementation of long-term Earth system science programs is key.

• There is a pressing need for ongoing research on curricula and pedagogical methods that will best facilitate minority students learning of geoscience.